Doctor explains UTERINE FIBROIDS | Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Fibroids, or uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular walls of the uterus. They are incredibly common, affecting nearly 80% of women at some point in their lives. Understanding fibroids is crucial, especially for women who may experience symptoms or complications related to these growths. In this article, I will provide a comprehensive overview of fibroid types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Types of Fibroids

Fibroids are categorized based on their location within the uterus:

1. Intramural Fibroids – The most common type, growing within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can enlarge the uterus and cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
2. Subserous Fibroids – Grow on the outer wall of the uterus and may extend into the pelvic cavity. They typically don’t cause symptoms unless they press on other organs.
3. Submucous Fibroids – Develop from the inner wall of the uterus, protruding into the uterine cavity. These are often associated with heavy menstrual bleeding and fertility issues.
4. Pedunculated Fibroids – Grow on a stalk inside or outside the uterus. These can cause pain if they twist or lose blood supply.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of fibroids remains unclear, but several factors may contribute to their development:

• Hormones – Estrogen plays a key role in fibroid growth.
• Age – Women over 40 have a higher risk.
• Race – Black women are three times more likely to develop fibroids than white women.
• Obesity – Higher body weight is associated with an increased risk.
• Early Menstruation – Starting before age 12 may increase risk.
• Lifestyle Factors – Poor diet, high blood pressure, and excessive alcohol consumption may contribute.

Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding – This can lead to anemia, causing fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath.
• Pelvic pain or pressure – A bloating sensation or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
• Frequent urination – Larger fibroids press on the bladder, increasing urgency.
• Painful periods – Fibroids can worsen dysmenorrhea.
• Fertility issues – Submucous fibroids, in particular, can interfere with conception.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.

Diagnosis

A doctor will conduct a detailed medical history and physical examination, which may include:

• Pelvic Examination – The doctor may feel abnormalities in the uterus.
• Imaging Tests – Ultrasound, MRI, or hysterosalpingography to visualize fibroids, their size, and location.
• Blood Tests – To evaluate for anemia and rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, fibroid size and location, and whether preserving fertility is a priority. Options include conservative and surgical approaches:

Conservative Treatments

• Medications –
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen) help manage pain.
  • Hormonal treatments (birth control pills, GnRH agonists) reduce bleeding and shrink fibroids.
• Hormonal IUDs – Can help control heavy bleeding caused by fibroids.

Surgical Treatments

• Myomectomy – Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus (best for women who want to conceive).
• Hysterectomy – Removes the uterus entirely (for women not planning future pregnancies).
• Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) – A minimally invasive procedure that blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
• Endometrial Ablation – Removes the uterine lining to reduce bleeding (not suitable for women who want to conceive).

Conclusion

While fibroids are common and often asymptomatic, they can lead to significant health issues for some women. If you suspect you have fibroids or experience symptoms, seek medical advice for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Your healthcare provider can guide you through treatment options tailored to your individual needs. You are not alone, and sharing your experiences can help others facing similar challenges. Always consult with your doctor for personalized medical advice and the best treatment approach for you.